These lands are ours. No one has a right to remove us, because we were the first owners. The Great Spirit above has appointed this place for us, on which to light our fires, and here we will remain. As to boundaries, the Great Spirit knows no boundaries, nor will his red children acknowledge any.


To Joseph Barron, messenger of President James Madison (1810)


These lands are ours. No one has a right to remove us, because we were the first owners. The Great Spirit above has appointed this place for us, on...

These lands are ours. No one has a right to remove us, because we were the first owners. The Great Spirit above has appointed this place for us, on...

These lands are ours. No one has a right to remove us, because we were the first owners. The Great Spirit above has appointed this place for us, on...

These lands are ours. No one has a right to remove us, because we were the first owners. The Great Spirit above has appointed this place for us, on...