Because a cause was taken to be sufficient for its effect, nothing was required to explain the effect other than the cause. Consequently, the quest for causes was environment-free. It employed what we now call 'closed-system' thinking. Laws. —like that of freely falling bodies—-were formulated so as to exclude environmental effects.


p. 10. - Redesigning the future, 1974

Russell L. Ackoff Quotes

Because a cause was taken to be sufficient for its effect, nothing was required to explain the effect other than the cause. Consequently, the quest...

Because a cause was taken to be sufficient for its effect, nothing was required to explain the effect other than the cause. Consequently, the quest...

Because a cause was taken to be sufficient for its effect, nothing was required to explain the effect other than the cause. Consequently, the quest...

Because a cause was taken to be sufficient for its effect, nothing was required to explain the effect other than the cause. Consequently, the quest...