In order to be able to deceive intentionally, an animal must have a sense of how its actions appear to another individual. Such an ability requires self-awareness.


The Origin of Humankind (1994)

Richard Leakey Quotes

In order to be able to deceive intentionally, an animal must have a sense of how its actions appear to another individual. Such an ability requires...

In order to be able to deceive intentionally, an animal must have a sense of how its actions appear to another individual. Such an ability requires...

In order to be able to deceive intentionally, an animal must have a sense of how its actions appear to another individual. Such an ability requires...

In order to be able to deceive intentionally, an animal must have a sense of how its actions appear to another individual. Such an ability requires...