A community which is inspired by feelings of ill-will towards other communities is low and ignoble. I entertain the highest respect for the customs, laws, religious and social institutions of other communities. Nay, it is my duty, according to the teaching of the Quran, even to defend their places of worship, if need be. Yet I love the communal group which is the source of my life and behaviour; and which has formed me what I am by giving me its religion, its literature, its thought, its culture, and thereby recreating its whole past as a living operative factor, in my present consciousness.


Sir Muhammad Iqbal's 1930 Presidential Address to the 25th Session of the All-India Muslim League, Allahabad, 29 December 1930 (from University of Columbia website)

Presidential Address, annual session of the All-India Muslim League, Allahabad, December 1930, by Sir Muhammad Iqbal[columbia.edu]


A community which is inspired by feelings of ill-will towards other communities is low and ignoble. I entertain the highest respect for the customs,...

A community which is inspired by feelings of ill-will towards other communities is low and ignoble. I entertain the highest respect for the customs,...

A community which is inspired by feelings of ill-will towards other communities is low and ignoble. I entertain the highest respect for the customs,...

A community which is inspired by feelings of ill-will towards other communities is low and ignoble. I entertain the highest respect for the customs,...