Manuel Castells - The Internet Galaxy (2001)

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Realpolitik does not disappear in the Information Age. But it remains state-centric, in an era organized around networks, including networks of states.

Manuel Castells
Beyond the realm of radical protests, there is also fear among many citizens about what this new society, of which the Internet is the symbol, will bring about in terms of employment, education, social protection, and lifestyles.

Manuel Castells
The origins of the Internet are to be found in ARPANET, a computer network set up by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in September 1969. ARPA was formed i 1958 by the Defense Department of the United States with the task of mobilizing research resources, particularly from the university world, toward building technological military superiority over the Soviet Union in the wake of the launching of the first Sputnik in 1957.

Manuel Castells
Societies change through conflict and are managed by politics.

Manuel Castells
The anti-globalization movement is not simply a network, it is an electronic network, it is an Internet-based movement. And because the Internet is its home it cannot be disorganized or captured. It swims like fish in the net

Manuel Castells
If you do not care about networks, the networks will care about you, anyway. For as long as you want to live in society, at this time and in this place, you will have to deal with the network society.
Because we live in the Internet Galaxy.

Manuel Castells
The Internet is a communication medium that allows for the first time, the communication of many to many, in chosen time, on a global scale.

Manuel Castells
If valuation in the financial markets provides the bottom line for the performance of the company, it is labor that remains the source of productivity, innovation, and competitiveness.

Manuel Castells
At its core, the new economy is based on culture: on the culture of innovation, on the culture of risk, and the culture of expectations, and, ultimately on the culture of hope in the future.

Manuel Castells
Internet use is diffusing fast, but this diffusion follows a spatial pattern that fragments its geography according to wealth, technology, and power: it is the new geography of development.

Manuel Castells
The Internet is the technological basis for the organizational form of the Information Age: the network.

Manuel Castells
Cultures are not made from free-floating values. They are rooted in institutions and organizations.

Manuel Castells
Internationally, the Echelon program, created by the United States and the UK during the Cold War, seems to have been converted into industrial espionage, according to the French government agencies, by combining traditional eavesdropping and interference of telecommunications, with interception of electronic messages.

Manuel Castells
The fundamental digital divide is no measured by the number of connections to the Internet, but by the consequences of both connection and lack of connection.

Manuel Castells
Traditional media companies are not generating any profits from their Internet ventures.

Manuel Castells
The Internet is, above all else, a cultural creation.

Manuel Castells
John Chambers, Cisco's CEO and innovator, was, primarily, a salesman, and it shows.

Manuel Castells
In sum, all the key technological developments that led to the internet were built around government institutions, major universities and research centers. The Internet did not orginate in the business world. It was too daring a technology, too expensive a project, and too risky an initiative to be assumed by profit-oriented organizations.

Manuel Castells
Technological systems are socially produced. Social production is culturally informed. The Internet is no exception.

Manuel Castells
The most blatant illustration of this statement is the fact that in 1972, Larry Roberts, the director of IPTO, sought to privatize ARPANET, once it was up and running. He offered to transfer operational responsibility to ATT. After considering the proposal, with the help of a committee of experts from Bell Laboratories, the company refused.

Manuel Castells
Internet use enhanced sociability both at a distance and in the local community.

Manuel Castells
As for the employees, the payment in stock options revives, somewhat ironically, the old anarchist ideology of self-management of the company, as they are co-owners, co-producers, and co-managers of the firm.

Manuel Castells
Literally everything is based on the capacity to attract, retain, and efficiently use talented workers.

Manuel Castells
The Internet is indeed a technology of freedom - but it can free the powerful to oppress the uninformed, it may lead to the exclusion of the devalued by the conquerors of value. In this general sense, society has not changed much.

Manuel Castells
The Internet is no longer a free realm, but neither has it fulfilled the Orwellian prophecy. It is a contested terrain, where the new, fundamental battle for freedom in the Information Age is being fought.

Manuel Castells
Indeed, in 1999, over half the people on the planet had never made or received a telephone call, although this is changing fast.

Manuel Castells
The e-economy cannot function without workers able to navigate, both technically and in terms of content, this deep sea of information, organizing it, focusing it, and transforming it into specific knowledge, appropriate for the task and purpose of the work process.

Manuel Castells