Heisenberg now approached the problem from a new philosophical angle. He discarded all models, pictures and parables, and made a clear distinction between sure knowledge we gain from observation of nature and the conjectural knowledge we introduce when we use models, pictures and parables. Sure knowledge... can only be numerical, so that Heisenberg's results were inevitably mathematical in form, and could not disclose anything about the true nature of physical properties or entities.


Physics and Philosophy (1942)


Heisenberg now approached the problem from a new philosophical angle. He discarded all models, pictures and parables, and made a clear distinction...

Heisenberg now approached the problem from a new philosophical angle. He discarded all models, pictures and parables, and made a clear distinction...

Heisenberg now approached the problem from a new philosophical angle. He discarded all models, pictures and parables, and made a clear distinction...

Heisenberg now approached the problem from a new philosophical angle. He discarded all models, pictures and parables, and made a clear distinction...