Bio: Sayyid Muḥammad ibn Ṣafdar Husaynī, known primarily as Sayyid Jamāl-al-dīn al-Afghānī or Sayyid Jamāl-al-dīn Asadābādī, was a Muslim political activist in Iran, Afghanistan, Egypt, and the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century. He was one of the founders of Islamic modernism and an advocate of pan-Islamic unity.