When Richard Dawkins first published his idea of a meme, he made it clear he was speaking of "a unit of imitation"… Memes were supposed to be exclusive triumphs of humanity. But memes come in two different kinds—behavioral and verbal.... behavioral memes began brain-hopping long before there were such things as human minds.

Ch.6 Threading a New Tapestry - Global Brain: The Evolution of Mass Mind from the Big Bang to the 21st Century (2000)