Ultimately, progress in applications is not deterministic, but opportunistic, exploiting for new applications whatever new science and technology happen to be coming along.

in his Nobel Lecture, Quasi-Electric Fields and Band Offsets: Teaching Electrons New Tricks, 8 December 2000, at Aula Magna, Stockholm University.

Herbert Kroemer - Nobel Lecture: Quasi-Electric Fields and Band Offsets: Teaching Electrons New Tricks