Gordon Pask Quote

Observers are men, animals, or machines able to learn about their environment and impelled to reduce their uncertainty about the events which occur in it, by dint of learning... [We] shall examine human observers who, because we have an inside understanding of their observational process, belong to a special category. For the moment, we shall not bother with HOW an observer learns, but will concentrate upon WHAT he learns about, i. e. what becomes more certain.

p. 18. - An Approach to Cybernetics (1961)

Observers are men, animals, or machines able to learn about their environment and impelled to reduce their uncertainty about the events which occur...

Observers are men, animals, or machines able to learn about their environment and impelled to reduce their uncertainty about the events which occur...

Observers are men, animals, or machines able to learn about their environment and impelled to reduce their uncertainty about the events which occur...

Observers are men, animals, or machines able to learn about their environment and impelled to reduce their uncertainty about the events which occur...