There are no purely observational facts about the heavenly bodies. Astronomical measurements are, without exception, measurements of phenomena occurring in a terrestrial observatory or station; it is only by theory that they are translated into knowledge of a universe outside.


The Expanding Universe, Chapter I, Section IV (p. 17), At the University Press. 1952


There are no purely observational facts about the heavenly bodies. Astronomical measurements are, without exception, measurements of phenomena...

There are no purely observational facts about the heavenly bodies. Astronomical measurements are, without exception, measurements of phenomena...

There are no purely observational facts about the heavenly bodies. Astronomical measurements are, without exception, measurements of phenomena...

There are no purely observational facts about the heavenly bodies. Astronomical measurements are, without exception, measurements of phenomena...