Establishing by observation that there is just one black swan falsifies "all swans are white". This is an unexceptional and undeniable point. However, using it as grounds to support a falsificationist philosophy of science is not as straightforward as it might seem.


Chapter 7, The limitations of falsificationism, p. 87. - What Is This Thing Called Science? (Third Edition; 1999)


Establishing by observation that there is just one black swan falsifies all swans are white. This is an unexceptional and undeniable point. However,...

Establishing by observation that there is just one black swan falsifies all swans are white. This is an unexceptional and undeniable point. However,...

Establishing by observation that there is just one black swan falsifies all swans are white. This is an unexceptional and undeniable point. However,...

Establishing by observation that there is just one black swan falsifies all swans are white. This is an unexceptional and undeniable point. However,...